Drawing office management and organization

Product development and computer-aided design

CAD organization and applications

Principles of first and third angle orthographic projection

Linework and lettering

Three-dimensional illustrations using isometric and oblique projection

Drawing layouts and simplified methods

Sections and the sectional view

Geometrical constructions and tangency

Loci applications

True lengths and auxiliary views

Conic sections and interpenetration of solids

Development of patterns from sheet materials

Dimensioning principles 100

Screw threads and conventional representations

Nuts, bolts, screws, and washers

Keys and keyways

Worked examples in machine drawing

Limits and fits

Geometrical tolerancing and datums

Application of geometrical tolerances

Maximum material and least material principles

Positional tolerancing

Cams and gears

Springs

Welding and welding symbols

Engineering diagrams

Bearings and applied technology

Engineering adhesives

Related standards

Production drawings

Drawing solutions

Preface

This latest edition of A Manual of Engineering Drawing has been revised to include changes resulting from the introduction of BS 8888. British Standard 308 was introduced in 1927 and acknowledged by Draughtsmen as THE reference Standard for Engineering Drawing. The British Standards Institution has constantly kept this Standard under review and taken account of technical developments and advances. Since 1927, major revisions were introduced in 1943, 1953, 1964 and 1972 when the contents of BS 308 Engineering Drawing Practice was divided into three separate sections.

Part 1: General principles.

Part 2: Dimensioning and tolerancing of size.

Part 3: Geometrical tolerancing.

In 1985, the fifth revision was metricated. During the period 1985–2000 major discussions were undertaken in co-operation with International Standards Organizations. The general trend in Engineering Design had been that the designer who was responsible for the conception and design of a particular product generally specified other aspects of the manufacturing process. Gradually, however, developments from increased computing power in all aspects of production have resulted in progressive advances in manufacturing techniques, metrology, and quality assurance. The impact of these additional requirements on the Total Design Cycle resulted in the withdrawal of BS 308 in 2000. Its replacement BS 8888 is a far more comprehensive Standard. The full title of BS 8888 reflects this line of thought.BS 8888. Technical product documentation (TPD).Specification for defining, specifying and graphically representing products. It must be appreciated and emphasized that the change from BS 308 to BS 8888 did not involve abandoning the principles of Engineering Drawing in BS 308. The new Standard gives the Designer a vastly increased number of tools at his disposal. It is important to stress that British and ISO drawing standards are not produced for any particular draughting method. No matter how a drawing is produced, either on an inexpensive drawing board or the latest CAD equipment, the drawing must conform to the same standards and be incapable of misinterpretation. The text which follows covers the basic aspects of engineering drawing practice required by college and university students, and also professional drawing office personnel. Applications show how regularly used standards should be applied and interpreted. Geometrical constructions are a necessary part of engineering design and analysis and examples of two and three-dimensional geometry are provided. Practice is invaluable, not only as a means of understanding principles but in developing the ability to visualize shape and form in three dimensions with a high degree of fluency. It is sometimes forgotten that not only does a draughtsman produce original drawings but is also required to read and absorb the content of drawings he receives without ambiguity. The section on engineering diagrams is included to stimulate and broaden technological interest, further study, and be of value to students engaged on project work. Readers are invited to redraw a selection of the examples given for experience, also to appreciate the necessity for the insertion and meaning of every line. Extra examples with solutions are available in Engineering Drawing From First Principles using AutoCAD, also published by Butterworth-Heinemann. It is a pleasure to find an increasing number of young ladies joining the staff in drawing offices where they can make an effective and balanced contribution to design decisions. Please accept our apologies for continuing to use the term ‘draughtsmen’, which is the generally understood collective noun for drawing office personnel, but implies equality in status. In conclusion, may we wish all readers every success in their studies and careers? We hope they will obtain much satisfaction from employment in the absorbing activities related to creative design and considerable pleasure from the construction and presentation of accurately defined engineering drawings.

Master the complexities of the world’s bestselling 2D and 3D software with Introduction to AutoCAD 2017. Ideally suited to new users of AutoCAD, this book will be a useful resource for drawing modules in both vocational and introductory undergraduate courses in engineering and construction.

A comprehensive, step-by-step introduction to the latest release of AutoCAD. Covering all the basic principles and acting as an introduction to 2D drawing, it also contains extensive coverage of all 3D topics, including 3D solid modelling and rendering.

• Written by a member of the Autodesk Developer Network.
• Hundreds of colour pictures, screenshots and diagrams illustrate every stage of the design process.
• Worked examples and exercises provide plenty of practice material to build proficiency with the software.

Further education students will find this an invaluable textbook for City & Guilds AutoCAD qualifications as well as the relevant Computer Aided Drawing units of BTEC National Engineering, Higher National Engineering and Construction courses from Edexcel. Students enrolled in Foundation Degree courses containing CAD modules will also find this a very useful reference and learning aid.

Engineering Graphics Essentials with AutoCAD 2018 Instruction gives students a basic understanding of how to create and read engineering drawings by presenting principles in a logical and easy to understand manner. It covers the main topics of engineering graphics, including tolerancing and fasteners, while also teaching students the fundamentals of AutoCAD 2018. This book features independent learning material containing supplemental content to further reinforce these principles. Through its many different exercises this text is designed to encourage students to interact with the instructor during lectures, and it will give students a superior understanding of engineering graphics and AutoCAD.

The independent learning material allows students to go through the topics of the book independently. The main content of the material contains pages that summarize the topics covered in the book. Each page has voice over content that simulates a lecture environment. There are also interactive examples that allow students to go through the instructor led and in-class student exercises found in the book on their own. Video examples are also included to supplement the learning process.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Engineering Drawings
2. Drawing in AutoCAD
3. Orthographic Projection
4. Creating Orthographic Projections in AutoCAD
5. Pictorial Drawings
6. Creating Isometric Pictorials in AutoCAD
7. Dimensioning
8. Dimensioning in AutoCAD
9. Sectioning
10. Creating Section Views in AutoCAD
11. Advanced Drawing Techniques
12. Creating Advanced Drawings in AutoCAD
13. Tolerancing
14. Tolerancing in AutoCAD
15. Threads and Fasteners
16. Drawing Threads in AutoCAD
17. Assembly Drawings
18. Creating Assembly Drawings in AutoCAD
Appendix A: Limits and Fits
Appendix B: Threads and Fastener Tables
Appendix C: References

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

1.1) DESIGN

1.2) COMMUNICATING A DESIGN

1.2.1) Sketching

1.2.2) Technical Drawing

1.2.3) Computer-Aided Drawing

1.3) STANDARDS

1.4) HISTORY OF TECHNICAL DRAWING

1.5) MANUFACTURING

1.6) ENGINEERING DRAWING FORMAT AND CONTENTS

1.6.1) Sheet Sizes

1.6.2) Drawing

1.6.3) Zoning

1.6.4) Scale

1.6.5) Notes

1.6.6) Title Block

1.6.7) Revision History Block

1.6.8) Tolerance and Projection Blocks

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWINGS QUESTIONS

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWINGS PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 2: DRAWING IN AUTOCAD

2.1) INTRODUCTION

2.1.1) Navigating through the AutoCAD tutorials

2.2) AUTOCAD’S WORKSPACES AND USER INTERFACE

2.3) THE DRAWING AREA

2.4) ACCESSING AUTOCAD COMMANDS

2.4.1) Application button

2.4.2) The ribbon

2.4.3) Tool palettes

2.4.4) Command prompt / window

2.4.5) Shortcut menus

2.4.6) Application status bar

2.4.7) Quick access toolbar

2.4.8) Touchscreen

2.5) STARTING, SAVING, AND OPENING DRAWINGS

2.5.1) Starting a new drawing

2.5.2) Saving and opening a drawing

2.5.3) File tab

2.5.4) Autodesk 360

2.6) CUSTOMIZE USER INTERFACE (CUI)

2.7) USER INTERFACE AND STARTUP TUTORIAL

2.7.1) Setting up the user interface

2.7.2) Starting a new drawing

2.7.3) Saving your drawing as a template

2.7.4) Checking your drawing parameters

2.8) COORDINATES

2.8.1) Cartesian and polar coordinates

2.8.2) Cartesian coordinate system

2.8.3) Polar Coordinates

2.8.4) Relative coordinates

2.8.5) World coordinate system (WCS) and user coordinate system (UCS)

2.8.6) The coordinates panel

2.8.7) Coordinate position

2.9) WCS/UCS COORDINATE SYSTEMS TUTORIAL

2.9.1) Coordinates

2.9.2) Change to the user coordinate system (UCS)

2.9.3) Coordinate display and drawing

2.9.4) Drawing using the UCS coordinate system

2.10) DRAWING USING COORDINATES TUTORIAL

2.10.1) Drawing a rectangle using Cartesian coordinates

2.10.2) Drawing using relative polar coordinates

2.10.3) Drawing using both Cartesian and polar coordinates

2.11) PRINTING

2.11.1) Page setup

2.11.2) Plot

2.11.3) Printing to scale

2.12) PRINTING TUTORIAL

2.12.1) Creating the drawing

2.12.2) Printing

2.12.3) Printing to scale

2.12.4) Printing to PDF

2.13) DRAW COMMANDS

2.13.1) Line

2.13.2) Construction line

2.13.3) Ray

2.13.4) Polyline

2.13.5) Polygon

2.13.6) Rectangle

2.13.7) Arc

2.13.8) Circle

2.13.9) Spline

2.13.10) Ellipse

2.13.11) Point

2.14) TEXT

2.14.1) Style

2.14.2) Single-line text

2.14.3) Multi-lined text

2.15) MODIFY COMMANDS

2.15.1) Selecting objects

2.15.2) Erase

2.15.3) Copy

2.15.4) Mirror

2.15.5) Offset

2.15.6) Array

2.15.7) Move

2.15.8) Rotate

2.15.9) Scale

2.15.10) Stretch

2.15.11) Lengthen

2.15.12) Trim

2.15.13) Extend

2.15.14) Break

2.15.15) Join

2.15.16) Chamfer

2.15.17) Fillet

2.15.18) Blend curves

2.15.19) Explode

2.16) OBJECT SNAP COMMANDS

2.16.1) Endpoint

2.16.2) Midpoint

2.16.3) Intersection

2.16.4) Apparent intersection

2.16.5) Extension

2.16.6) Center

2.16.7) Quadrant

2.16.8 ) Tangent

2.16.9) Perpendicular

2.16.10) Parallel

2.16.11) Nearest

2.16.12) Snap from

2.16.13) Insert

2.16.14) Node

2.16.15) Geometric Center

2.16.16) Object snaps settings

2.16.17) Object snap cycling and aperture

2.17) WAGON TUTORIAL

2.17.1) Preparing to draw

2.17.2) Drawing

You will be drawing the following scene.

2.17.3) Using modify commands

2.18) SELECTING OBJECTS

2.19) OBJECT SELECTION TUTORIAL

2.19.1) Selecting objects using the pickbox.

2.19.2) Selecting objects using a window

2.20) OBJECT SNAP TUTORIAL

2.20.1) Drawing using osnaps

2.20.2) Trimming

2.21) POLAR TRACKING

2.22) OBJECT SNAP TRACKING

2.23) TRACKING TUTORIAL

2.23.1) Polar tracking

2.24) DYNAMIC INPUT

2.25) DYNAMIC INPUT TUTORIAL

2.25.1) Dynamic input settings

2.26) GRIP BOXES

2.27) GRIP BOX TUTORIAL

2.27.1) Preparing to draw

2.27.2) Fixing the drawing

2.27.3) Modifying the drawings shape

2.28) PARAMETRIC DRAWING

2.28.1) Geometric constraints

2.28.2) Dimensional constraints

2.29) APPLYING PARAMETRIC CONSTRAINTS TUTORIAL

2.29.1) Applying geometric constraints

2.29.2) Applying dimensional constraints

2.30) AUTOMATIC PARAMETRIC CONSTRAINTS TUTORIAL

DRAWING IN AUTOCAD QUESTIONS

DRAWING IN AUTOCAD PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 3: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

3.1) ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION INTRODUCTION

3.1.1) The Six Principle Views

3.2) THE GLASS BOX METHOD

3.3) THE STANDARD VIEWS

3.3.1) The Front View

3.4) LINE TYPES USED IN AN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

3.5) RULES FOR LINE CREATION AND USE

3.5.1) Hidden Lines

3.5.2) Center Lines

3.5.3) Phantom Lines

3.5.4) Break Lines

3.5.5) Line Type Precedence

3.6) CREATING AN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

3.6.1) Projection Symbol

3.7) APPLYING WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS QUESTIONS

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 4: CREATING ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS IN AUTOCAD

4.1) INTRODUCTION

4.2) LAYERS

4.2.1) The Layers panel

4.2.2) Layer properties

4.3) LINE TYPE SCALE

4.4) PROPERTIES

4.4.1) The Properties panel

4.5) PRINTING USING PEN WIDTHS

4.6) CREATING LAYERS TUTORIAL

4.6.1) Setting drawing parameters

4.6.2) Creating layers

4.6.3) Drawing on different layers

4.6.4) Line type scale

4.7) BLOCKING

4.8) MODEL AND LAYOUT SPACE

4.8.1) Model space

4.8.2) Layout space

4.9) CENTERLINES

4.10) TITLE BLOCK TUTORIAL

4.10.1) Drawing the border

4.10.2) Blocking the title block and border

4.10.3) Inserting the title block and border into a metric drawing

4.11) ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION TUTORIAL

4.11.1) Draw the front view

4.11.2) Drawing the right side view

4.11.3) Drawing the top view

4.11.4) Drawing centerlines

4.11.5) Printing the layout

4.11.6) Printing a metric drawing

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS IN AUTOCAD QUESTIONS

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS IN AUTOCAD PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 5: PICTORIAL DRAWINGS

5.1) PICTORIALS INTRODUCTION

5.2) PICTORIAL TYPES

5.3) AXONOMETRIC PROJECTIONS

5.3.1) Types of axonometric pictorials

5.4) OBLIQUE PROJECTIONS

5.4.1) Types of oblique pictorials

5.5) PERSPECTIVE PROJECTIONS

5.5.1) Types of perspective projections

5.6) VISUALIZATION

5.7) DRAWING ISOMETRIC PICTORIALS

5.7.1) Drawing linear features in an isometric pictorial

5.7.2) Drawing circles and radii in an isometric pictorial

5.7.3) Drawing cylinders in an isometric pictorial

5.8) DRAWING CABINET OBLIQUE PICTORIALS

5.8.1) Drawing features of a cabinet oblique pictorial

5.9) APPLYING WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS QUESTIONS

PICTORIAL DRAWINGS PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 6: CREATING PICTORIAL DRAWINGS IN AUTOCAD

6.1) ISOMETRIC SNAP

6.2) ISOCIRCLES

6.3) ISOMETRIC PICTORIAL TUTORIAL

6.3.1) Setting up to draw an isometric pictorial

6.3.2) Drawing the isometric pictorial

6.4) ISOCIRCLE TUTORIAL

6.4.1) Setting up to draw an isometric pictorial

6.4.2) Drawing the isometric pictorial

CREATING PICTORIALS IN AUTOCAD QUESTIONS

CREATING PICTORIALS IN AUTOCAD PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 7: DIMENSIONING

7.1) DETAILED DRAWINGS

7.2) LEARNING TO DIMENSION

7.3) DIMENSION APPEARANCE

7.3.1) Lines Used in Dimensioning

7.3.2) Types of Dimensions

7.3.3) Arrowheads, lettering, and symbols

7.4) FEATURE DIMENSIONS

7.4.1) Drawing Notes

7.5) DIMENSIONING RULES

7.5.1) Dimension placement, spacing and readability

7.5.2) Over/Under dimensioned parts

7.5.3) Manufacturing

7.5.4) Functional dimensioning

7.5.5) Tolerancing

7.6) APPLYING WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED

Name: _________________________________ Date: _______________

Dimension the following object using proper dimensioning techniques.

/

DIMENSIONING QUESTIONS

DIMENSIONING PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 8: DIMENSIONING IN AUTOCAD

8.1) INTRODUCTION

8.2) DIMENSION COMMANDS

8.2.1) Dimensions panel

8.2.2) The Leaders panel

8.3) DIMENSION STYLES

8.3.1) Dimension Style Manager

8.3.2) Multileader Style Manager

8.4) DIMENSION VARIABLES

8.4.1) Dimension scale

8.4.2) Dimension and extension lines

8.4.3) Dimension text

8.4.4) Diameter and radial dimensions

8.4.5) Angular dimensions

8.4.6) Alternative units

8.4.7) Toleranced dimensions

8.4.8) Miscellaneous

8.5) ASSOCIATIVE DIMENSIONS

8.6) ANNOTATIVE OBJECTS

8.6.1) Annotative object scale

8.7) DIMENSIONING TUTORIAL

8.7.1) Drawing the object

8.7.2) Drawing linear dimensions

8.7.3) Drawing diameter, radius, and angular dimensions

8.7.4) Drawing leaders

8.7.5) Creating a new dimension style

8.7.6) Annotative objects

8.7.7) Dimension scale and associativity

8.8) EDITING DIMENSION TEXT TUTORIAL

DIMENSIONING IN AUTOCAD QUESTIONS

DIMENSIONING IN AUTOCAD PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 9: SECTIONING

9.1) SECTIONAL VIEWS

9.1.1) Creating a section view

9.1.2) Lines used in sectional views

9.1.3) Rules of sectioning

9.2) BASIC SECTIONS

9.2.1) Full section

9.2.2) Half section

9.2.3) Offset section

9.3) ADVANCED SECTIONS

9.3.1) Aligned section

9.3.2) Rib and web sections

9.3.3) Broken section

9.3.4) Removed section

9.3.5) Revolved section

9.3.6) Non-sectioned parts

9.3.7) Thin sections

9.4) APPLYING WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED

SECTIONING QUESTIONS

SECTIONING PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 10: CREATING SECTION VIEWS IN AUTOCAD

10.1) INTRODUCTION

10.2) CUTTING PLANE LINES

10.3) HATCHES

10.4) CREATING HATCHES TUTORIAL

10.4.1) Creating hatches

10.4.2) Changing hatch properties

10.5) HALF SECTION TUTORIAL

10.5.1) Inserting the cutting plane line

10.5.2) Creating the half section view

SECTION VIEWS IN AUTOCAD QUESTIONS

SECTION VIEWS IN AUTOCAD PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 11: ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES

11.1) ADVANCED VIEW TECHNIQUES

11.1.1) Removed and revolved orthographic views

11.1.2) Detail views

11.1.3) Partial views

11.1.4) Auxiliary views

11.1.5) Related parts

11.2) ADVANCED PART TECHNIQUES

11.2.1) Cast and molded parts

11.2.2) Welded parts

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES QUESTIONS

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 12: CREATING ADVANCED DRAWINGS IN AUTOCAD

12.1) INTRODUCTION

12.2) REMOVED AND REVOLVED ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

12.3) DETAIL AND PARTIAL VIEWS

12.4) AUXILIARY VIEW TUTORIAL

12.4.1) Drawing the orthographic projection

12.4.2) Creating the auxiliary view

12.5) SURFACE TEXTURE TUTORIAL

ADVANCED DRAWINGS IN AUTOCAD PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 13: TOLERANCING

13.1) TOLERANCING AND INTERCHANGEABILITY

13.2) TOLERANCING STANDARDS

13.3) TOLERANCE TYPES

13.4) SHAFT-HOLE ASSEMBLY

13.5) INCH TOLERANCES

13.5.1) Types of fits

13.5.2) ANSI standard limits and fits (English)

Shaft

Min. Clear > 0

Determine the basic size and type of fit given the limits for the shaft and hole.

Shaft

13.6) METRIC TOLERANCES

13.6.1) ANSI standard limits and fits (Metric)

13.6.2) Tolerance designation

13.6.3) Basic hole and basic shaft systems

 Basic hole system: The basic hole system is used when you want the basic size to be attached to

 Basic shaft system: The basic shaft system is used when you want the basic size to be attached

Description

Identify the type of fit and the system used to determine the limits of the following shaft and hole

Fit

13.7) SELECTING TOLERANCES

IT Grades

Shaft

Shaft

Shaft

Shaft

13.8) TOLERANCE ACCUMULATION

13.9) FORMATTING TOLERANCES

13.9.1) Metric tolerances

13.9.2) Inch tolerances

13.10) APPLYING WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED

TOLERANCING QUESTIONS

TOLERANCING PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 14: TOLERANCING IN AUTOCAD

14.1) INTRODUCTION

14.2) TOLERANCE PARAMETERS

14.3) TOLERANCING TUTORIAL

14.3.1) Drawing the object

14.3.2) Tolerancing

TOLERANCING IN AUTOCAD QUESTIONS

TOLERANCING IN AUTOCAD PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 15: THREADS AND FASTENERS

15.1) FASTENERS

15.2) SCREW THREAD DEFINITIONS

15.3) TYPES OF THREAD

Thread Name

15.4) MANUFACTURING SCREW THREADS

15.5) DRAWING SCREW THREADS

15.5.1) Detailed representation

15.5.2) Schematic representation

15.5.3) Simplified representation

15.6) UNIFIED THREADS

15.6.1) Unified thread note

15.6.2) Unified thread tables

15.7) METRIC THREADS

15.7.1) Metric thread note

15.7.2) Metric thread tables

The finer thread is M16 x ( )

15.8) DRAWING BOLTS

15.9) BOLT AND SCREW CLEARANCES

15.10) STANDARD PARTS

15.10.1) General fastener specifications



15.11) APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

THREAD AND FASTENER QUESTIONS

THREAD AND FASTENER PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 16: DRAWING THREADS IN AUTOCAD

16.1) INTRODUCTION

16.2) EXTERNAL THREADS TUTORIAL

16.2.1) Drawing external Unified National threads

16.3) INTERNAL THREADS TUTORIAL

16.3.1) Drawing Unified National internal threads

16.4) HEX NUTS AND BOLTS TUTORIAL

16.4.1) Drawing a hex head bolt

16.4.2) Drawing a hex head nut

DRAWING THREADS IN AUTOCAD PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 17: ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS

17.1) DEFINITIONS

17.1.1) Drawing order

17.2) COMPONENTS OF AN ASSEMBLY DRAWING

17.2.1) Assembly drawing views

17.2.3) Part identification

17.2.4) Parts list / bill of material

17.3) SECTION VIEWS

17.4) THINGS TO INCLUDE/NOT INCLUDE

17.4.1) Hidden and center lines

17.4.2) Dimensions

17.5) APPLYING WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED

ASSEMBLY QUESTIONS

ASSEMBLY PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 18: CREATING ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS IN AUTOCAD

18.1) INTRODUCTION

18.2) ASSEMBLY TUTORIAL

18.2.1) Creating the assembly drawing

18.2.2) Balloon the assembly

18.2.3) Create a parts list

18.2.4) Title block information

ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS IN AUTOCAD PROBLEMS

APPENDIX A: LIMITS AND FITS

A.1) LIMITS AND FITS (INCH)

A.1.1) Running or sliding clearance fits

A.1.2) Locational clearance fits

A.1.3) Locational transition fits

A.1.4) Locational interference fits

A.1.5) Force and shrink fits

A.2) METRIC LIMITS AND FITS

A.2.1) Hole basis clearance fits

A.2.2) Hole basis transition and interference fits

A.2.3) Shaft basis clearance fits

A.2.3) Shaft basis clearance fits

A.2.4) Shaft basis transition and interference fits

APPENDIX B: THREADS AND FASTENERS

B.1) UNIFIED NATIONAL THREAD FORM

B.2) METRIC THREAD FORM

B.3) FASTENERS (INCH SERIES)

B.3.1) Dimensions of hex bolts and heavy hex bolts

B.3.2) Dimensions of hex nuts and hex jam nuts

B.3.3) Dimensions of hexagon and spline socket head cap screws

B.3.4) Drill and counterbore sizes for socket head cap screws

B.3.5) Dimensions of hexagon and spline socket flat countersunk head cap screws

B.3.6) Dimensions of slotted flat countersunk head cap screws

B.3.7) Dimensions of slotted round head cap screws

B.3.8) Dimensions of preferred sizes of type A plain washers

B.3.9) Dimensions of regular helical spring-lock washers

B.4) METRIC FASTENERS

B.4.1) Dimensions of hex bolts

B.4.2) Dimensions of hex nuts, style 1

B.4.3) Dimensions of metric socket head cap screws

B.4.4) Drill and counterbore sizes for socket head cap screws

B.4.5) Dimensions of metric countersunk socket head cap screws

B.4.6) Drill and countersink sizes for flat countersunk head cap screws

B.5) BOLT AND SCREW CLEARANCE HOLES

B.5.1) Inch clearance holes

B.5.2) Metric clearance holes

APPENDIX C: REFERENCES